Is it Possible to Teach Creative Writing?
Friday, November 28th, 2008Fourth Week: 22-28 November, 2008
Should established writers leave a budding genius alone in his or her attic to write the Great New Zealand Novel or should we teach creative writing to anyone who wants it? This issue is hotly debated amongst writers, academics and students of literature.
It came up again for me this week when I signed a contract with the University of Waikato to work with Peter Wells for the second time as a tutor for the summer school course on creative writing that he has designed. Six weeks of intensive work with over thirty students at all levels of ability and ambition and emotional maturity. The added complication is that all the work must be assessed towards a grade that contributes to the awarding of an undergraduate degree. How can something as subjective as creative writing be assessed in this manner?
I’m going to come right out front and state that I believe that creative writing can be taught as long as there is an understanding between the teacher and the student that it is by its very nature, a limited exercise.
The teaching of creative writing at a tertiary level, has, (with one or two exceptions) been slow to develop in New Zealand. It has become an enormous industry in countries like the United States and the UK. As long ago as 1985, the prominent editor and essayist Ted Solotaroff said:
“I don’t think one can understand the literary situation today without taking into account the one revolutionary development in American letters during the second half of the century: the rise of the creative writing programs. At virtually one stroke we have solved the age-old problem of how literary men and women are to support themselves.”
Solotaroff ( a long time editor of American Review) goes on to say that steady academic employment distorts literary careers and has “devitalized the relation between literature, particularly fiction, and society”. (page 56, A Few Good Voices in my Head: 1987)
He talks about the sameness of the writing that comes from a particular centre of creative writing. Editors of literary journals can often correctly identify a ‘house style’ of a particular submission without knowing the name of the writer. (The phrase literature-lite springs to mind).
In workshops that I have tutored both here and overseas, there is often one person in the group who proudly announces that they never read other writers in case their own creativity becomes contaminated. This is completely wrongheaded. A major part of any course on creative writing is to read a wide range of other writers so that we can learn by example.
I believe that there is a finite set of problems that arise for a writer embarking on a creative project. And I also believe that there is always a solution to these problems. For example, changing the point-of-view (or the tense) can radically change the ‘feel’ and ‘truth’ of a story. To see how published writers ‘solve’ these problems is of enormous benefit to the novice writer.
I strongly believe that the tutor/teacher of creative writing must be a published writer. Unless a person has been through the process of writing and rewriting draft after draft and has survived the publishing experience and the inevitable critical attack, they cannot really understand the horror (and the joy) of becoming a creative writer.
One of the most important spin-offs of creative writing courses is that it develops a much deeper understanding and appreciation of literature in the wider community. Millions of students around the world have now completed a hands-on creative writing course. I sometimes wonder what would have happened to book sales and to the love of books without the development of the creative writing movement.
Now back to the story of Hannalore. Last week, we learned that Hannalore had been given the punishment of interment after she had been censored by the elders for her role in saving the life of the drowned man, Mr Cattermole….
now read on…
4
All through the night Hannalore sat on her canvas cot next to the open window. She watched the incandescent stars pierce the vast canopy of a sky that deepened from indigo to black. To her, the stars appeared as white hot torches of judgment.
Each hour she removed another garment baring more skin to the air until she was almost naked. She was unconcerned that the other women in the dormitory might open their eyes and see her exposed white flesh. The other members of the community had been forbidden to comment upon her bodily states until the period of interment was over and the women obeyed without question. They did not register her nakedness by the flick of an eye. She might as well have been made of gelatine or isinglass.
She had not comprehended until now the loss that imposed invisibility could bring. Even Juno had looked through her with a strange floating gaze, empty and unfocussed, as if her flesh had vanished and she no longer had the ability or substance to cast even the thinnest of shadows.
The wintry air acknowledged her presence by shrouding her body in an icy cloak that made her shiver. Hannalore welcomed the scourging of her flesh. She could offer no explanation for her ability to bring life back into a drowned body. The elders had tried every trick in their extensive repertoire to force her to tell them the truth. She desperately wanted to please them but to do so would force a moral descent into the sin of lying.
She tried to comfort herself by conjuring up a vision of her mother. The sound of Eleanor’s voice was still with her, reciting stories of domestic mishaps that through constant retelling had taken on the power of grand epics but Hannalore could no longer see the outline of her face or remember the colour of her eyes.
This fading away of Eleanor’s physical presence was almost complete. All that remained was a blurred glimpse of slender ankles disappearing beneath the uneven hem of a long skirt and the sight of an ear lobe shedding blood when caught in the clasp of a faulty obsidian earring.
Hannalore concentrated on the memory of Eleanor’s voice, the way she paused at a climatic moment in her stories, the way she whispered conspiratorially to her audience so that they had to strain their ears in order to hear the crunch line at the end.
Hannalore wondered how Eleanor would have told the story of the drowned man and the hand clutching at her like a claw. She tried to visualise her mother taking hold of Mr Cattermole in the cold river water and all at once she saw a clear view of Eleanor’s hands fresh from the rigors of the wash tub; one crushed finger nail on her left index finger; a ragged purple scar on the back of her right hand that in a certain light could look like a dog’s head or a crude map of Australia.
This unexpected recall of her mother’s wounded hands gave Hannalore a sense of comfort. Something that had been lost to her since she was a child had been given back. She closed the window and climbed beneath her grey blanket just before the dawn light began to break out behind the hills.
5
Sarah was the only woman permitted to speak to Hannalore during the time of interment. She brought food and brief snatches of conversation to Hannalore when the others were working on their assigned tasks. Hannalore did little else except lie on her cot and day dream. When the early morning sky was clear of rain clouds she watched the silhouette of the steep bush clad hills emerge with the coming of a new day. She listened for the roosters to serenade the return of the light. She listened to the restless sheep dogs rattling the doors of their wire cages. She listened to the sound of the wind sighing through the mamaku tree ferns that held their delicate green umbrellas above the regenerating scrub of kanuka and mahoe.
When the wind changed direction and came from the south west it brought cold driving rain that formed rivulets of mud around the buildings. The women brought candles in at night and held them up to the windows so that they could see the depth of the slush outside. Mud was their enemy. Their long skirts became sodden with sticky clay soil as they scampered between the kitchen and dormitory and the children’s house. The pulley in the kitchen ceiling was strung with wet washing and the men complained that their shirts and union suits smelled of mutton chops and stewed tea.
When the south westerly blew itself out, fogs crept up from the river and devoured all before it. Not one leaf moved, not one bird sang. One by one the trees melted away. The fog brought a terrible silence outside her prison that emulated the social death within.
Without work her sense of time became distorted. The nights were long. After the last candle was extinguished the women who shared this hut with her went to sleep instantly and slept like the dead. It had never occurred to her before that all of them were in a constant state of exhaustion. They worked every minute of the day and beyond unless the candle box was empty and the night too dark to work at their mending.
The days were difficult to bear. Sarah brought her two slices of brown bread spread with honey for her breakfast. This had to satisfy her until teatime when she received a cup of water, a bowl of cooked vegetables or soup and another slice of bread.
On the sixth day Sarah pinched Hannalore’s upper arms to see if she was fading away. Hannalore said she was but not because of the food. Although her body remained the same her soul was becoming diminished.
‘I’m frightened,’ she said. ‘Sometimes I forget where I am. My body lies here but my spirit is sitting up in a tree waiting for me to come outside.’
‘Hush now,’ said Sarah. ‘Eat your potatoes and drink your tea.’
‘But tea has been forbidden to me.’
‘Drink it while it’s still hot.’
Hannalore gulped a mouthful of tea. ‘I wish my mother was here.’
‘You must be careful not to speak of her to the others.’
‘What colour were her eyes? I am forgetting to remember.’
‘Oh,’ said Sarah. ‘I thought this might happen.’
Hannah drank the rest of her tea. ‘If I just had one photograph…’
Sarah gathered up the dishes and put them onto a tray. She hid the empty cup in the front pocket of her apron. ‘Don’t tell anyone. About the tea I mean.’
‘Go now,’ said Hannalore. ‘Your transgression is safe with me.’